{"id":17946,"date":"2022-11-13T21:58:40","date_gmt":"2022-11-13T20:58:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.salzburgerland.com\/hu\/?p=17946"},"modified":"2022-11-13T22:00:13","modified_gmt":"2022-11-13T21:00:13","slug":"franz-xaver-gruber-1787-1863","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.salzburgerland.com\/hu\/franz-xaver-gruber-1787-1863\/","title":{"rendered":"Franz Xaver Gruber (1787-1863)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gyermekkor \u00e9s tanonc\u00e9vek Fels\u0151-Ausztri\u00e1ban<\/h2>\n

Conrad Xaver Gruber<\/strong> 1787. november 25-\u00e9n sz\u00fcletett szeg\u00e9ny k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt: sz\u00fcleivel, Josef-fel \u00e9s Anna-val m\u00e1r n\u00e9gy gyermek \u00e9lt abban a h\u00e1zban, ahol sz\u00fcletett, az Innviertel Unterweizburg 9.<\/strong> sz\u00e1m alatt, Hochburg-Ach<\/strong> telep\u00fcl\u00e9sen. A kis Conrad volt az \u00f6t\u00f6dik gyermek \u00e9s egy hatodik is k\u00f6vette. 1779-ben, a bajor \u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6s\u00f6d\u00e9si h\u00e1bor\u00fa eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt a r\u00e9gi\u00f3 a \u201eLand ob der Enns\u201d \u00e9s \u00edgy Ausztria r\u00e9sze lett. A gazdas\u00e1gi k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek rosszak voltak<\/strong>, \u00e9s a kisgazd\u00e1k h\u00e1zi sz\u00f6v\u0151k\u00e9nt kerestek pluszp\u00e9nzt. Franz Xaver Grubernek \u2013 aki az akkori szok\u00e1soknak megfelel\u0151en keresztapja, Franz keresztnev\u00e9t vette fel \u2013 el\u0151sz\u00f6r apja mesters\u00e9g\u00e9t kellett megtanulnia, de m\u00e1r gyerekk\u00e9nt is mindenn\u00e9l jobban szerette a zen\u00e9t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Sz\u00fclet\u00e9s\u00e9t\u0151l fogva zenei tehets\u00e9g<\/h2>\n

Gruber<\/strong> \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos iskolai tan\u00e1ra, Andreas Peterlechner b\u00e1tor\u00edtotta ezt a tehets\u00e9get, \u00e9s ingyenes zene\u00f3r\u00e1kat adott neki, amelyeket azonban apja minden szigor\u00e1val elnyomott. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9vnyi titkos orgonalecke<\/strong> ut\u00e1n, tizenegy \u00e9ves kor\u00e1ban Franz v\u00e9gre megkapta a saj\u00e1t hangszer\u00e9t. 1805-t\u0151l a r\u00e9g\u00f3ta v\u00e1gyott tan\u00e1rk\u00e9pz\u00e9sbe is belekezdhetett. A fiatalember eleinte Georg Hartdobler v\u00e1rosi pl\u00e9b\u00e1nos orgonist\u00e1n\u00e1l t\u00f6k\u00e9letes\u00edtette zenei tud\u00e1s\u00e1t Burghausen-ben, amely \u2013 a Salzach t\u00faloldal\u00e1n \u2013 bajor f\u00f6ld\u00f6n fek\u00fcdt, \u00e9s idegen orsz\u00e1g volt. Az \u00e9veket be\u00e1rny\u00e9kolt\u00e1k a francia h\u00e1bor\u00fak \u2013 vesz\u00e9lyes id\u0151szak volt, hiszen a megsz\u00e1ll\u00f3 er\u0151k a k\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u00f6n \u00e1lltak. Gruber Ried im Innkreis-ben<\/strong> v\u00e9gezte el az elemi iskolai tan\u00edt\u00f3k\u00e9pz\u00e9st<\/strong>, \u00e9s 1806-ban itt tett vizsg\u00e1t. Gruber az el\u0151\u00edrt gyakorlati \u00e9vet iskolai seg\u00e9dk\u00e9nt v\u00e9gezte el p\u00e1rtfog\u00f3j\u00e1n\u00e1l \u00e9s tan\u00e1r\u00e1n\u00e1l, Peterlechner-n\u00e9l Hochburg-Achban.<\/p>\n

Tan\u00e1r, sekresty\u00e9s \u00e9s orgonista Arnsdorf-ban \u00e9s Oberndorf-ban<\/h2>\n

A 20 \u00e9ves Franz Xaver Gruber<\/strong> 1807-ben v\u00e1llalta els\u0151 \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 \u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1t tan\u00e1rk\u00e9nt<\/strong>, sekresty\u00e9sk\u00e9nt<\/strong> \u00e9s orgonistak\u00e9nt<\/strong> Arnsdorf-ban<\/strong><\/a>, de el\u0151tte megism\u00e9telte az \u00f6sszes salzburgi vizsg\u00e1j\u00e1t: itt m\u00e1s szab\u00e1lyok voltak \u00e9rv\u00e9nyesek. Ugyanebben az \u00e9vben feles\u00e9g\u00fcl vette Maria Elisabeth Engelsberger-t<\/strong>, el\u0151dje 13 \u00e9vvel id\u0151sebb \u00f6zvegy\u00e9t: megengedt\u00e9k neki, hogy bek\u00f6lt\u00f6zz\u00f6n a sekresty\u00e9s lak\u00e1sba, ami egy olyan felt\u00e9tel volt, amit a gy\u00fclekezet szabott meg, \u00e9s ez szok\u00e1s volt abban az id\u0151ben. Grubernek k\u00e9t gyermeke sz\u00fcletett t\u0151le; mindkett\u0151 kor\u00e1n meghalt. Anyagi helyzet\u00e9nek jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, \u00e9s abban a rem\u00e9nyben, hogy k\u00e9s\u0151bb Oberndorf-ban<\/strong><\/a> tan\u00e1ri \u00e1ll\u00e1st kaphat, 1816-ban a mind\u00f6ssze n\u00e9gy kilom\u00e9terre fekv\u0151 oberndorf-i Szent Nikola templom<\/strong> k\u00e1ntori \u00e9s orgonistai teend\u0151it is elv\u00e1llalta.<\/p>\n

\"A

A Csendes \u00e9j-m\u00fazeum Arnsdorf-ban \u00a9 SalzburgerLand Tourismus<\/p><\/div>\n

Egy dallam a kar\u00e1csonyi mis\u00e9re 1818-ban<\/h2>\n

Franz Xaver Grubert nagyon j\u00f3 tan\u00e1rnak tartott\u00e1k, de legnagyobb szenved\u00e9lye a zene<\/strong> volt, ami tal\u00e1n sok neh\u00e9z \u00f3r\u00e1ban vigasztalta \u0151t \u00e9lete sor\u00e1n. Gruber tizenk\u00e9t biol\u00f3giai gyermeke k\u00f6z\u00fcl csak n\u00e9gy \u00e9rte meg a feln\u0151ttkort, \u00e9s k\u00e9t feles\u00e9g\u00e9t is el kellett temetnie. A zen\u00e9l\u00e9s \u00f6r\u00f6me 1817-t\u0151l az \u00faj oberndorf-i seg\u00e9dlelk\u00e9sszel, Joseph Mohrral<\/strong> is \u00f6sszek\u00f6t\u00f6tte, aki szenved\u00e9lyes \u00e9nekes \u00e9s git\u00e1ros volt. 1818 kar\u00e1csony\u00e1n Franz Xaver Gruber megzen\u00e9s\u00edtette azt a hat str\u00f3f\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3 verset, amelyet Joseph Mohr<\/strong><\/a> adott neki. Pap \u00e9s tan\u00e1r egy\u00fctt \u00e9nekelte a kar\u00e1csonyi mise ut\u00e1n az oberndorf-i Szent Nikola templomban, a git\u00e1rk\u00eds\u00e9retet Mohr vette \u00e1t. Az els\u0151 el\u0151ad\u00e1s ut\u00e1n Franz Xaver Gruber is \u00edrt egy orgonadarabot<\/strong> a dalhoz, de \u00fagy t\u0171nik, hogy egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt nem tulajdon\u00edtott neki k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sebb jelent\u0151s\u00e9get. \u00dagy jellemezte, hogy \u201eegyszer\u0171 kompoz\u00edci\u00f3<\/strong>\u201e.<\/p>\n

Zenei f\u00e9nypontok Arnsdorf-ban<\/h2>\n

Gruber arnsdorf-i munk\u00e1ss\u00e1g\u00e1nak cs\u00facspontja 1820-ban volt a \u201eMaria im M\u00f6sl\u201d zar\u00e1ndoktemplom<\/strong> 300. \u00e9vfordul\u00f3j\u00e1n. Az \u00fcnnep \u00f6t napig tartott \u00e9s 20 000 l\u00e1togat\u00f3t<\/strong> vonzott, \u00e9s zenekar Gruber vezet\u00e9s\u00e9vel tartott koncertjeit olyan magas rang\u00fa vend\u00e9gek<\/strong> hallgatt\u00e1k, mint a Michaelbeuern kolostor \u00e9s a salzburgi Szent P\u00e9ter ap\u00e1ts\u00e1g ap\u00e1tjai. Els\u0151 feles\u00e9ge 1825-ben bek\u00f6vetkezett hal\u00e1la ut\u00e1n Gruber feles\u00e9g\u00fcl vette egykori tan\u00edtv\u00e1ny\u00e1t, Maria Breitfu\u00df-t<\/strong>, \u00e9s a h\u00e1zass\u00e1gb\u00f3l t\u00edz gyermek<\/strong> sz\u00fcletett, de csak n\u00e9gyen \u00e9rt\u00e9k el a feln\u0151ttkort: Franz Xaver, Elisabeth, Amalie \u00e9s Felix. Gruber nem \u00e9rte el, hogy Oberndorf-ba helyezz\u00e9k \u00e1t. A munkaad\u00f3j\u00e1val is voltak n\u00e9zetelt\u00e9r\u00e9sei. 1829-ben a Salzburg melletti Berndorf-ba<\/strong> k\u00f6lt\u00f6z\u00f6tt tan\u00e1rk\u00e9nt \u00e9s sekresty\u00e9sk\u00e9nt, egy olyan egyh\u00e1zk\u00f6zs\u00e9gbe, ahol nagyra \u00e9rt\u00e9kelt\u00e9k a j\u00f3 egyh\u00e1zi zen\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Egy \u00e9let a zen\u00e9\u00e9rt Hallein-ban<\/h2>\n

Gruber legh\u0151bb v\u00e1gya, hogy t\u00f6bbet foglalkozzon a zen\u00e9vel, 1835-ben teljes\u00fclt, amikor kinevezt\u00e9k a hallein-i pl\u00e9b\u00e1niatemplom k\u00f3rusvezet\u0151j\u00e9v\u00e9, karnagy\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00e9s orgonist\u00e1j\u00e1v\u00e1<\/strong>. Hallein akkoriban az orsz\u00e1g m\u00e1sodik legnagyobb v\u00e1rosa volt, \u00e9s k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 3500 lakosa volt. Gruber az \u00e9nekesek \u00e9s zen\u00e9szek k\u00e9pz\u00e9s\u00e9nek szentelte mag\u00e1t az egyh\u00e1zi k\u00f3rus sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Sz\u00e1mos zenei rendezv\u00e9nyen kompon\u00e1lt \u00e9s vett r\u00e9szt, Hallein-on k\u00edv\u00fcl is. M\u00e1sodik feles\u00e9ge 1841-ben halt meg. Gruber egy \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb k\u00f6t\u00f6tte harmadik h\u00e1zass\u00e1g\u00e1t<\/strong> m\u00e1sodik feles\u00e9ge bar\u00e1tn\u0151j\u00e9vel, a cip\u00e9sz \u00f6zvegy\u00e9vel, a B\u00f6cksteinb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 Katharina Rieserrel<\/strong> (\u00f6zvegy Wimmer). Gruber m\u00e1sodik h\u00e1zass\u00e1g\u00e1b\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 fiai apjuk zenei nyomdokaiba l\u00e9ptek: az id\u0151sebbik, Franz Xaver (1826-1871) 1847-ben k\u00f3rust\u00e1rsas\u00e1got alap\u00edtott, majd 1849-ben a Halleiner Liedertafel<\/strong> nev\u0171, ma is l\u00e9tez\u0151 k\u00f3rust. A m\u00e1sodsz\u00fcl\u00f6tt Felix (1840-1884) k\u00f6vette apj\u00e1t a hallein-i k\u00f3rus<\/strong> \u00e9l\u00e9n. Franz Xaver Gruber 1863-ban halt meg id\u0151s kor\u00e1ban Hallein-ban.<\/p>\n

Egy \u00e9letre sz\u00f3l\u00f3 bar\u00e1ts\u00e1g<\/h2>\n

Az Oberndorf-ban t\u00f6lt\u00f6tt k\u00f6z\u00f6s \u00e9vek ut\u00e1n a Csendes \u00e9j k\u00f6lt\u0151je \u00e9s zeneszerz\u0151je eg\u00e9sz \u00e9let\u00fckben bar\u00e1ti viszonyban maradtak<\/strong>. Bizony\u00edt\u00e9k van arra, hogy Joseph Mohr t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r is megl\u00e1togatta bar\u00e1tj\u00e1t, Grubert Wagrain-b\u00f3l Hallein-ban. Az 1848-ban elhunyt Mohr-ral ellent\u00e9tben Gruber \u00e9lte \u00e1t a dal els\u0151 n\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gi sikereit<\/strong>. 1854-ben \u00edr\u00f3dott m\u0171v\u00e9ben t\u00f6bb t\u00e9ved\u00e9st is kijav\u00edtott: nevezetesen, hogy a kar\u00e1csonyi \u00e9neket nem Michael Haydn kompon\u00e1lta, \u00e9s hogy a kar\u00e1csonyi \u00e9nek nem a tiroli Zillertal-b\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik, hanem a Salzburg tartom\u00e1nyban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 Oberndorf a val\u00f3di sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1si hely.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gyermekkor \u00e9s tanonc\u00e9vek Fels\u0151-Ausztri\u00e1ban Conrad Xaver Gruber 1787. november 25-\u00e9n sz\u00fcletett szeg\u00e9ny k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt: sz\u00fcleivel, Josef-fel \u00e9s Anna-val m\u00e1r n\u00e9gy gyermek \u00e9lt abban a h\u00e1zban, ahol sz\u00fcletett, az Innviertel Unterweizburg 9. sz\u00e1m alatt, Hochburg-Ach telep\u00fcl\u00e9sen. A kis Conrad volt az \u00f6t\u00f6dik gyermek \u00e9s egy hatodik is k\u00f6vette. 1779-ben, a bajor \u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6s\u00f6d\u00e9si h\u00e1bor\u00fa eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt a r\u00e9gi\u00f3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":17938,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wl_entities_gutenberg":"","_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[121,525],"wl_entity_type":[27],"class_list":["post-17946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-csendes-ej","tag-franz-xaver-gruber","wl_entity_type-article"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFranz Xaver Gruber (1787-1863) \u00bb SalzburgerLand.com<\/title>\n<meta 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