{"id":17916,"date":"2022-11-13T07:29:35","date_gmt":"2022-11-13T06:29:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.salzburgerland.com\/hu\/?p=17916"},"modified":"2022-11-13T07:29:38","modified_gmt":"2022-11-13T06:29:38","slug":"europa-valsagban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.salzburgerland.com\/hu\/europa-valsagban\/","title":{"rendered":"Eur\u00f3pa v\u00e1ls\u00e1gban"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201eAhol a nyelv v\u00e9get \u00e9r, ott kezd\u0151dik a zene\u201d \u2013 Hugo von Hofmannsthal<\/strong> e mond\u00e1sa csod\u00e1latos \u00e9s finom magyar\u00e1zatot adhatna a Csendes \u00e9j dal eredet\u00e9re. A legnagyobb sz\u00fcks\u00e9g idej\u00e9n Joseph Mohr<\/strong> egy verset adott a keservesen szeg\u00e9ny lakoss\u00e1gnak. Ez a vers \u00e9s saj\u00e1t t\u00f6retlen hite volt a leg\u00e9rt\u00e9kesebb aj\u00e1nd\u00e9k, amit a fiatal seg\u00e9dpap a rem\u00e9ny\u00e9rt k\u00fczd\u0151 embereknek adhatott. \u0150k maguk is \u00e9hesek, s\u00falyosan elad\u00f3sodottak \u00e9s kil\u00e1t\u00e1stalanok voltak. 1818 kar\u00e1csony\u00e1ra<\/strong> Eur\u00f3pa m\u00e1r \u00e9vtizedek \u00f3ta v\u00e1ls\u00e1gban volt: Nap\u00f3leon h\u00f3d\u00edt\u00f3 \u00e9s forradalmi hadj\u00e1ratai h\u00e1bor\u00faba sodort\u00e1k az egykor bar\u00e1ti szomsz\u00e9dos orsz\u00e1gokat. A francia hadtestek h\u00f3napokig ostromolt\u00e1k a ter\u00fcletet, az \u00faj hat\u00e1rok sz\u00e9tszak\u00edtott\u00e1k a kapcsolatokat, v\u00e1rosokat \u00e9s csal\u00e1dokat.<\/p>\n

Ausztria a francia h\u00e1bor\u00fak jegy\u00e9ben<\/h2>\n

Salzburgot<\/strong> k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u00e9rintette a politikai \u00e1tszervez\u00e9s. \u00c9vsz\u00e1zadokon \u00e1t f\u00fcggetlen \u00e9s vir\u00e1gz\u00f3 herceg\u00e9rseks\u00e9g volt a salzburgi herceg\u00e9rsekek uralma alatt. 1800-ban a franci\u00e1k elfoglalt\u00e1k, majd 1803-ban szekulariz\u00e1lt\u00e1k. Kezdetben Salzburg vil\u00e1gi v\u00e1laszt\u00f3fejedelems\u00e9gk\u00e9nt a Habsburg III. Ferdin\u00e1ndhoz<\/strong>, majd 1805-t\u0151l \u2013 a franci\u00e1k ism\u00e9telt megsz\u00e1ll\u00e1sa \u00e9s t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6ri ter\u00fcletelszakad\u00e1s ut\u00e1n \u2013 Bajororsz\u00e1ghoz<\/strong>, v\u00e9g\u00fcl pedig a Habsburg monarchi\u00e1hoz<\/strong> ker\u00fclt.<\/p>\n

Tirol<\/strong>, amely fejedelmi megyek\u00e9nt \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokon \u00e1t az Osztr\u00e1k Birodalom viszonylag f\u00fcggetlen<\/strong> r\u00e9sze volt, szint\u00e9n francia megsz\u00e1ll\u00e1s al\u00e1 ker\u00fclt, \u00e9s 1805-ben a Nap\u00f3leonnal sz\u00f6vets\u00e9ges Bajor Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g r\u00e9sze lett<\/strong>. Legend\u00e1s \u00e9s v\u00e9resen elfojtott: a tiroli n\u00e9pfelkel\u00e9s 1809-ben Hofer Andreas vezet\u00e9s\u00e9vel a franci\u00e1k \u00e9s sz\u00f6vets\u00e9geseik ellen. Tirol bajor r\u00e9sze csak 1814-ben ker\u00fclt vissza Ausztri\u00e1hoz.<\/p>\n

Innviertel<\/strong> \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokon \u00e1t a Bajor Hercegs\u00e9g<\/strong> r\u00e9sze volt, \u00e9s csak a bajor \u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6s\u00f6d\u00e9si h\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e9s az 1779-es tescheni b\u00e9ke k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben ker\u00fclt Ausztri\u00e1hoz<\/strong>. A koal\u00edci\u00f3s h\u00e1bor\u00fak k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben Fels\u0151-Ausztria hossz\u00fa \u00e9vekig hadsz\u00ednt\u00e9r volt, megsz\u00e1ll\u00e1st \u00e9s ter\u00fcletfoglal\u00e1sokat kellett elfogadnia. B\u00e1r a hadvisel\u0151 felek m\u00e1r 1814-ben meg\u00e1llapodtak az Innviertel \u00e9s a nyugati Hausruckviertel visszaszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l Ausztri\u00e1nak, az \u00e1tad\u00e1s eg\u00e9szen 1816-ig<\/strong> elh\u00faz\u00f3dott.<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u00a9 SalzburgerLand Tourismus \/ Hallein, Kathrin Gollackner \u2013 A halleini \u00f3v\u00e1ros l\u00e1tk\u00e9pe<\/p><\/div>\n

Keser\u0171 h\u00e1bor\u00fas m\u00e9rleg orsz\u00e1gszerte<\/h2>\n

Az 1814\/1815-\u00f6s b\u00e9csi kongresszus<\/strong> megpecs\u00e9telte a nap\u00f3leoni korszak v\u00e9g\u00e9t. Salzburg<\/strong> v\u00e9g\u00fcl 1816. m\u00e1jus 1-j\u00e9n a m\u00fcncheni b\u00e9keszerz\u0151d\u00e9ssel Ausztri\u00e1hoz<\/strong> ker\u00fclt. Azonban nem a Habsburg Birodalom<\/strong> \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 r\u00e9szek\u00e9nt, hanem az \u201eEnns feletti Ausztria\u201d f\u0151hercegs\u00e9g egyik ker\u00fcletek\u00e9nt, Linz-i k\u00f6zigazgat\u00e1si sz\u00e9khellyel. Ez a helyzet 1850-ig tartott.<\/p>\n

A Zillertal<\/strong> \u00e9s a Brixental<\/strong> v\u00f6lgye, amely \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokig Salzburghoz tartozott, ezent\u00fal Tirol fennhat\u00f3s\u00e1ga al\u00e1 ker\u00fclt. Salzburg<\/strong> neve elt\u0171nt a t\u00e9rk\u00e9pr\u0151l. Az egykor pomp\u00e1s kir\u00e1lyi sz\u00e9khely egy jelent\u00e9ktelen j\u00e1r\u00e1si v\u00e1ross\u00e1 degener\u00e1l\u00f3dott<\/strong>. M\u0171v\u00e9szeti kincseket B\u00e9csbe sz\u00e1ll\u00edtott\u00e1k, a k\u00f6ztisztvisel\u0151k elhagyt\u00e1k a v\u00e1rost, a lakoss\u00e1g sz\u00e1ma 16 000-r\u0151l 12 000 f\u0151re<\/strong> cs\u00f6kkent.<\/p>\n

Tirol<\/strong> \u00e9s Fels\u0151-Ausztria<\/strong> megmenek\u00fclt a ter\u00fcleti vesztes\u00e9gekt\u0151l, de a h\u00e1bor\u00fa<\/strong> \u00e9s mell\u00e9khat\u00e1sai, mint a fosztogat\u00e1sok<\/strong>, a k\u00e9nyszerkivon\u00e1sok \u00e9s a j\u00f3v\u00e1t\u00e9telek itt is csak nyomor\u00fas\u00e1got hagytak maguk ut\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

A h\u00e1bor\u00fat a puszt\u00edt\u00f3 \u201eny\u00e1r n\u00e9lk\u00fcli \u00e9v\u201d k\u00f6vette<\/h2>\n

Nem el\u00e9g, hogy Eur\u00f3pa v\u00e1ls\u00e1gban volt, de 1816-ban az osztr\u00e1k \u00e9s bajor lakoss\u00e1g p\u00e9ld\u00e1tlan m\u00e9ret\u0171 term\u00e9szeti katasztr\u00f3fa<\/strong> \u00e1ldozat\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt. Az indon\u00e9z Sumbawa<\/strong> sziget\u00e9n 1815 \u00e1prilis\u00e1ban kit\u00f6rt Tambora vulk\u00e1n<\/strong> egy \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb dr\u00e1mai \u00e9ghajlati v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1st<\/strong> id\u00e9zett el\u0151 az eg\u00e9sz kontinent\u00e1lis Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban: az \u00e1tlagh\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet vil\u00e1gszerte egy-k\u00e9t fokkal cs\u00f6kkent. A sz\u00fcret v\u00e9get nem \u00e9r\u0151 es\u0151be \u00e9s ny\u00e1ri h\u00f3es\u00e9sbe torkollott. K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a salzburgi, tiroli \u00e9s fels\u0151-ausztriai gazd\u00e1k voltak a f\u0151 szenved\u0151k. A term\u00e9skies\u00e9ssel<\/strong> \u00e9s az \u00e9h\u00edns\u00e9ggel<\/strong> szembes\u00fclve rem\u00e9nytelens\u00e9gbe \u00e9s ap\u00e1ti\u00e1ba s\u00fcllyedtek: az emberek \u201eistenadta\u201d katasztr\u00f3fak\u00e9nt fogadt\u00e1k el. Az 1816-os \u00e9v<\/strong> \u00fagy vonult be a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelembe, mint a \u201eny\u00e1r n\u00e9lk\u00fcli \u00e9v\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Az emberek \u00e9heztek, \u00e9s \u00faj p\u00e9nzkereseti lehet\u0151s\u00e9get kerestek<\/h2>\n

1818-ban Salzburg v\u00e1ros\u00e1ban puszt\u00edt\u00f3 t\u0171zv\u00e9sz<\/strong> puszt\u00edtott el 93 v\u00e1rosi h\u00e1zat, amelynek k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben t\u00f6bb mint 1000 ember<\/strong> vesz\u00edtette el a tulajdon\u00e1t. A vid\u00e9ki helyzetet szinte rem\u00e9nytelennek lehetett nevezni: a fels\u0151-ausztriai parasztok, akik Franz Xaver Gruber<\/strong> csal\u00e1dj\u00e1hoz hasonl\u00f3an a sz\u00f6v\u00e9s<\/strong> h\u00e1zi mesters\u00e9g\u00e9vel szerezt\u00e9k meg a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151 j\u00f6vedelmet, a g\u00e9pi sz\u00f6v\u0151sz\u00e9k 1786-os feltal\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val fokozatosan elvesz\u00edtett\u00e9k ezt a f\u0151 t\u00e1maszukat. Tirol kop\u00e1r hegyvid\u00e9k\u00e9n, amely m\u00e1r a 16. sz\u00e1zad \u00f3ta t\u00faln\u00e9pesedett, m\u00e9g t\u00f6bb parasztnak kellett v\u00e1ndorkeresked\u0151k\u00e9nt<\/strong> \u00fatnak indulnia, gyermekeit N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gba \u00e9s Sv\u00e1jcba k\u00fcldeni szolg\u00e1latra, vagy teljesen kiv\u00e1ndorolni<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"\"

A Joseph Mohr-eml\u00e9kk\u00e1polna \u00e9jjeli kivil\u00e1g\u00edt\u00e1sban \u00a9 Johann Aschauer<\/p><\/div>\n

A Csendes \u00e9j, mint vigasztal\u00f3 dal a traumatiz\u00e1lt n\u00e9pess\u00e9g sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra<\/h2>\n

Az Arnsdorf-ban<\/strong><\/a> tan\u00edt\u00f3 fels\u0151-ausztriai Franz Xaver Gruber<\/strong> \u00e9s az oberndorf-i salzburgi seg\u00e9dlelk\u00e9sz, Joseph Mohr<\/strong>, aki maga is a legegyszer\u0171bb k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt n\u0151tt fel, amikor Eur\u00f3pa v\u00e1ls\u00e1gban volt k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl tapasztalta meg a n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\u00f6z\u00e9st. De mindketten kor\u00e1n megismert\u00e9k a zen\u00e9t, mint a l\u00e9lek balzsamj\u00e1t. Oberndorf-ot<\/strong><\/a> k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u00e9rintett\u00e9k a v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok: a m\u00fcncheni b\u00e9keszerz\u0151d\u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt a Salzburgt\u00f3l \u00e9szaknyugatra fekv\u0151 Rupertiwinkel<\/strong> Bajororsz\u00e1gnak jutott. A salzach-i Laufen<\/strong> v\u00e1rost sz\u00e9tszaggatt\u00e1k: a v\u00e1rosk\u00f6zpont minden fontos l\u00e9tes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9vel egy\u00fctt tov\u00e1bbra is Bajororsz\u00e1ghoz<\/strong> tartozott, m\u00edg Oberndorf k\u00fclv\u00e1rosa Salzburg r\u00e9sze lett. Dr\u00e1mai helyzet Oberndorf sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra: itt nem volt sem temet\u0151, sem iskola. Sem k\u00f6zigazgat\u00e1s, sem adminisztr\u00e1ci\u00f3. Az egykori \u00e9letvonal \u2013 a Salzach<\/strong> \u2013 elv\u00e1laszt\u00f3 hat\u00e1rfoly\u00f3v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201eAhol a nyelv v\u00e9get \u00e9r, ott kezd\u0151dik a zene\u201d \u2013 Hugo von Hofmannsthal e mond\u00e1sa csod\u00e1latos \u00e9s finom magyar\u00e1zatot adhatna a Csendes \u00e9j dal eredet\u00e9re. A legnagyobb sz\u00fcks\u00e9g idej\u00e9n Joseph Mohr egy verset adott a keservesen szeg\u00e9ny lakoss\u00e1gnak. Ez a vers \u00e9s saj\u00e1t t\u00f6retlen hite volt a leg\u00e9rt\u00e9kesebb aj\u00e1nd\u00e9k, amit a fiatal seg\u00e9dpap a rem\u00e9ny\u00e9rt […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":17918,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wl_entities_gutenberg":"","_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[121,535,536],"wl_entity_type":[27],"class_list":["post-17916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-csendes-ej","tag-europa-valsagban","tag-napoleoni-haboruk","wl_entity_type-article"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEur\u00f3pa v\u00e1ls\u00e1gban \u00bb SalzburgerLand.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Amikor a Csendes \u00e9j \u00edr\u00f3dott Eur\u00f3pa m\u00e1r \u00e9vtizedek \u00f3ta v\u00e1ls\u00e1gban volt: Nap\u00f3leon h\u00f3d\u00edt\u00f3 hadj\u00e1ratai h\u00e1bor\u00faba sodort\u00e1k a szomsz\u00e9dos orsz\u00e1gokat.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salzburgerland.com\/hu\/europa-valsagban\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Eur\u00f3pa v\u00e1ls\u00e1gban\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\""Ahol a nyelv v\u00e9get \u00e9r, ott kezd\u0151dik a zene" - Hugo von Hofmannsthal e mond\u00e1sa csod\u00e1latos \u00e9s finom magyar\u00e1zatot adhatna a Csendes \u00e9j dal eredet\u00e9re. 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