{"id":17762,"date":"2022-11-08T21:22:12","date_gmt":"2022-11-08T20:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.salzburgerland.com\/hu\/?p=17762"},"modified":"2022-11-15T16:29:23","modified_gmt":"2022-11-15T15:29:23","slug":"a-csendes-ej-elterjedese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.salzburgerland.com\/hu\/a-csendes-ej-elterjedese\/","title":{"rendered":"A Csendes \u00e9j elterjed\u00e9se"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kar\u00e1csonykor vil\u00e1gszerte mintegy k\u00e9tmilli\u00e1rd ember \u00e9nekli: minden kontinensen \u00e9s t\u00f6bb mint 300 nyelven \u00e9s dialektusban. Nemcsak a Csendes \u00e9j eredete<\/strong><\/a>, de az elterjed\u00e9se is olyan, mint egy csoda. Vagy Victor Hugo (1802 \u2013 1885) szavaival \u00e9lve: \u201eSemmi sem er\u0151sebb, mint egy \u00f6tlet, amelynek elj\u00f6tt az ideje\u201d. A vil\u00e1g val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg k\u00e9szen \u00e1llt erre a dalra.<\/p>\n

A t\u00f6rt\u00e9net id\u0151rendben<\/h2>\n

1818.12.24., Oberndorf:<\/strong> a Csendes \u00e9jdal sz\u00fclet\u00e9si \u00f3r\u00e1ja, az alkot\u00f3k, Joseph Mohr \u00e9s Gruber Franz Xaver saj\u00e1t el\u0151ad\u00e1s\u00e1ban.<\/p>\n

1818\/19 \u00e9s 1823\/24, Oberndorf\/F\u00fcgen:<\/strong> a zillertali F\u00fcgenb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 Mauracher Carl orgona\u00e9p\u00edt\u0151, megb\u00edz\u00e1st kap az oberndorf-i Szent Nikola templom orgon\u00e1j\u00e1nak jav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en az orgon\u00e1t \u00e1t\u00e9p\u00edtik. Az egyik munkal\u00e1togat\u00e1s sor\u00e1n megtanulja a Csendes \u00e9j dalt \u00e9s mag\u00e1val viszi a haz\u00e1j\u00e1ba.<\/p>\n

1819, Waidring<\/strong>: Az \u00e9nek h\u00e9t (!) versszakkal megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 Blasius Wimmer, waidringi orgonista \u00e9s tan\u00e1r m\u00e1ra elveszett \u00e9nekesk\u00f6nyv\u00e9ben is. K\u00f6nnyen lehet, hogy Mauracher Carl adta \u00e1t neki a dalt a jav\u00edt\u00e1si munk\u00e1ival kapcsolatos \u00fatjai sor\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

1822. december, F\u00fcgen:<\/strong> I. Ferenc osztr\u00e1k cs\u00e1sz\u00e1r \u00e9s I. S\u00e1ndor orosz c\u00e1r vend\u00e9geskedik D\u00f6nhoff gr\u00f3f kast\u00e9ly\u00e1ban. A gr\u00f3f megk\u00e9ri a Rainer testv\u00e9reket, hogy n\u00e9pdalokkal sz\u00f3rakoztass\u00e1k a vend\u00e9geit. A c\u00e1rnak k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen tetszett az el\u0151ad\u00e1s, ez\u00e9rt megh\u00edvja a testv\u00e9reket a szentp\u00e9terv\u00e1ri udvar\u00e1ba.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>1824 \u0151sze, F\u00fcgen: <\/strong>a Rainer testv\u00e9rek elindulnak els\u0151 k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi \u00fatjukra, N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gba. Ezzel megalapozz\u00e1k a \u201etiroli nemzeti \u00e9nekesek\u201d korszak\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\"A

A Rainer csal\u00e1d New York-ban \u00e9nekel 1839-ben \u00a9 Privatarchiv Martin Reiter<\/p><\/div>\n

1825. november, F\u00fcgen:<\/strong> a Rainer testv\u00e9rek (Ur-Rainer) elindultak koncertk\u00f6r\u00fatjukra. Ez N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gon (Berlin, Hamburg) kereszt\u00fcl, Sv\u00e9dorsz\u00e1gba \u00e9s Angli\u00e1ba (London) vezetett. Mivel a c\u00e1r m\u00e1r 1825 december\u00e9ben meghalt, megv\u00e1ltoztatt\u00e1k az \u00fatvonalukat. Az \u201eUr-Rainer\u201d 1838-ig \u00fajra \u00e9s \u00fajra bej\u00e1rta Eur\u00f3p\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

1827 \u2013 1832, Steyr:<\/strong> Joseph Greis steyr-i k\u00f6nyvnyomd\u00e1sz \u00e9s k\u00f6nyvkeresked\u0151 1827 \u00e9s 1832 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt (a pontos d\u00e1tum ismeretlen)\u00a0 \u201eN\u00e9gy sz\u00e9p \u00faj kar\u00e1csonyi \u00e9nek\u201d (Vier sch\u00f6ne neue Weihnachtslieder) c\u00edmmel r\u00f6piratot adott ki, \u00e9s a Csendes \u00e9j is szerepel a bor\u00edt\u00f3n. Ez azt bizony\u00edtja, hogy az \u00e9nek els\u0151 \u00edr\u00e1sos terjeszt\u00e9se Steyr-ben t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt. Mivel Greis k\u00f6nyvkeresked\u0151 volt, a nyomtat\u00e1s n\u00e1la is megv\u00e1s\u00e1rolhat\u00f3 volt.<\/p>\n

1831. december, Hippach\/Leipzig:<\/strong> a Hippach melletti Laimachb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 Strasser testv\u00e9rek a Csendes \u00e9j dalt \u00e9neklik a lipcsei kar\u00e1csonyi v\u00e1s\u00e1ron. A zillertali f\u00f6ldm\u0171ves csal\u00e1d a t\u00e9li h\u00f3napokban keresked\u0151k\u00e9nt j\u00e1rta Eur\u00f3p\u00e1t, \u00e9s a piacokon a haz\u00e1jukb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 k\u00e9zzel k\u00e9sz\u00edtett term\u00e9keket \u2013 k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen keszty\u0171ket \u2013 \u00e1rult. Hamarosan kider\u00fclt, hogy n\u00e9pdalok \u00e9nekl\u00e9s\u00e9vel m\u00e9g jobban ment az \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

1832 \u2013 1834, Leipzig:<\/strong> a Strasser testv\u00e9reket tov\u00e1bbi el\u0151ad\u00e1sokra h\u00edvt\u00e1k Lipcs\u00e9be. A drezdai A. R. Friese kiad\u00f3 1832 \u00e9s 1834 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt \u201eN\u00e9gy eredeti tiroli dal zongora- \u00e9s git\u00e1rk\u00eds\u00e9rettel, a zillerthali Strasser testv\u00e9rek el\u0151ad\u00e1s\u00e1ban\u201d c\u00edmmel eredeti tiroli kar\u00e1csonyi \u00e9nekek gy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny\u00e9t adta ki. Ebb\u0151l sz\u00fcletett a dal \u201ezillertali v\u00e1ltozata\u201d, amely a Strasser testv\u00e9rekhez vezethet\u0151 vissza.<\/p>\n

1834\/1835, Berlin:<\/strong> A Strasser testv\u00e9rek koncertk\u00f6r\u00fatja N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban, berlini meg\u00e1ll\u00f3val. A kar\u00e1csonyi \u00e9nek IV. Friedrich Wilhelm porosz kir\u00e1lyt is leny\u0171g\u00f6zi, aki \u00e9vekkel k\u00e9s\u0151bb Salzburgban m\u00e9g a dalkott\u00e1j\u00e1t is elk\u00e9ri.<\/p>\n

1838, Leipzig:<\/strong> a Csendes \u00e9j felv\u00e9tele a \u201eKatolikus \u00e9nek- \u00e9s imak\u00f6nyv nyilv\u00e1nos \u00e9s h\u00e1zi istentiszteletre, a Sz\u00e1sz Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g katolikus k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9ge sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra\u201d dallamk\u00f6nyv\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

1839, New York:<\/strong> A Rainer-\u00e9nekesek m\u00e1sodik gener\u00e1ci\u00f3ja \u2013 Rainer Maria fia, Rainer Ludwig \u00e9gisze alatt \u2013 Zillertalb\u00f3l Amerik\u00e1ba indult koncertk\u00f6r\u00fatra: felt\u00e9telezhet\u0151en a Csendes \u00e9j is szerepelt a reperto\u00e1rjukban. A dal els\u0151 el\u0151ad\u00e1s\u00e1ra feltehet\u0151en a New York-i Trinity Church el\u0151tt ker\u00fclt sor. Ezt egy t\u00f6bb \u00e9vig tart\u00f3 \u201eturn\u00e9\u201d k\u00f6vette, a nagy siker\u0171 \u201eRainer Family\u201d n\u00e9ven, amely a n\u00e9gy \u00e9nekest New Orleansba, St. Louisba, Pittsburgbe \u00e9s Philadelphi\u00e1ba viszi.<\/p>\n

1840, New York:<\/strong> 2018 m\u00e1rcius\u00e1ban Martin Reiter, a Csendes \u00e9j kutat\u00f3ja megtal\u00e1lta a dal legr\u00e9gebbi, Eur\u00f3p\u00e1n k\u00edv\u00fcli, 1840-ben New Yorkban nyomtatott p\u00e9ld\u00e1ny\u00e1t. A dal csak sz\u00f6veggel \u00e9s kotta n\u00e9lk\u00fcl tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 meg a \u201eLiederbuch f\u00fcr die Jugend\u201d 22. sz\u00e1m\u00fa mel\u00f3di\u00e1k mell\u00e9kletek\u00e9nt, amelyet 1840-ben adott ki New Yorkban, a Nassau utca 150. sz\u00e1m alatti \u201eAmerikai Traktat T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g\u201d. Reiter: \u201eA Trakt\u00e1tus \u00e9p\u00fclete ma is ezen a helyen \u00e1ll.\u201d A Csendes \u00e9j ebben a korai m\u0171ben csak h\u00e1rom str\u00f3f\u00e1t tartalmaz, de ezek nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9kben elt\u00e9rnek az eredetit\u0151l.<\/p>\n

\"Martin

Martin Reiter, a Csendes \u00e9j kutat\u00f3ja megtal\u00e1lta a Csendes \u00e9j legr\u00e9gebbi, Eur\u00f3p\u00e1n k\u00edv\u00fcli, 1840-ben New York-ban nyomtatott p\u00e9ld\u00e1ny\u00e1t \u00a9 Verlag Edition Tirol<\/p><\/div>\n

1842, Boston:<\/strong> \u201eSilent Night, Holy Night\u201c megjelenik a \u201eRainer csal\u00e1d\u201d egyik dalos k\u00f6nyv\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

1843. m\u00e1jus, Zillertal: <\/strong>a \u201eRainer csal\u00e1d\u201c az amerikai \u00fatr\u00f3l visszat\u00e9r haz\u00e1j\u00e1ba.<\/p>\n

1844, Hamburg:<\/strong> A teol\u00f3gus \u00e9s a diak\u00f3nus alap\u00edt\u00f3ja, Johann Hinrich Wichern Hamburgban vezette a hamburgi \u201eRauhe Haus\u201d-t, a leend\u0151 szoci\u00e1lis munk\u00e1sok \u00e9s misszion\u00e1riusok k\u00e9pz\u00e9si k\u00f6zpontj\u00e1t. \u0150 is nagy m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rult a dal elterjed\u00e9s\u00e9hez. 1844-ben kiadta saj\u00e1t \u00e9nekesk\u00f6nyv\u00e9t a tan\u00edt\u00e1shoz \u201eA mi \u00e9nekeink\u201d (Unsere Lieder) c\u00edmmel, amely a Csendes \u00e9j c\u00edm\u0171 dalt is tartalmazta. Hamburg, mint az egyik legnagyobb kiv\u00e1ndorl\u00e1si csom\u00f3pont, t\u00f6bb emigr\u00e1ns k\u00f6zponttal is rendelkezett, akik a \u201eRauhes Haus\u201d misszion\u00e1riusainak k\u00eds\u00e9ret\u00e9ben \u00e9s a dalosk\u00f6nyvvel a poggy\u00e1szukban vitt\u00e9k a dalt eg\u00e9szen Amerik\u00e1ig.<\/p>\n

1848, Wagrain:<\/strong> 1848. december 4-\u00e9n Joseph Mohr mind\u00f6ssze 55 \u00e9ves kor\u00e1ban, egy t\u00e9li s\u00e9t\u00e1t k\u00f6vet\u0151 megf\u00e1z\u00e1s k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben meghalt. Wagrainban \u201eszoci\u00e1lis\u201d lelk\u00e9szk\u00e9nt vonul be a helyi kr\u00f3nik\u00e1kba.<\/span><\/p>\n

1851, New York:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>a \u201eSilent night! Hallow\u2019d night!\u201cmegjelenik J.F. Warner dalosk\u00f6nyv\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

1851, Zillertal:<\/strong> az amerikai sikereken felbuzdulva Ludwig Rainer megalap\u00edtja a \u201eRainer Gesellschaft\u201d-ot 15 \u00e9nekessel, akik Eur\u00f3pa szinte valamennyi uralkod\u00f3 h\u00e1z\u00e1ban fell\u00e9pnek. Utaz\u00e1suk sor\u00e1n eljutnak Angli\u00e1ba, Sk\u00f3ci\u00e1ba \u00e9s \u00cdrorsz\u00e1gba, Olaszorsz\u00e1gba, Franciaorsz\u00e1gba, D\u00e1ni\u00e1ba, Sv\u00e9dorsz\u00e1gba \u00e9s Norv\u00e9gi\u00e1ba.<\/p>\n

1854, Hallein:\u00a0 <\/strong>Franz Xaver Gruber hiteles utas\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra. 1854-ben a berlini Porosz Kir\u00e1lyi Udvari Zenekar a salzburgi Szent P\u00e9ter ap\u00e1ts\u00e1ghoz fordult Michael Haydnr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k\u00e9rt, akit a dal szerz\u0151j\u00e9nek tartottak. IV. Frigyes Vilmos porosz kir\u00e1ly a kott\u00e1t udvari zenekara sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra szerette volna, ez\u00e9rt a salzburgi Szent P\u00e9ter ap\u00e1ts\u00e1gnak k\u00fcld\u00f6tt egy p\u00e9ld\u00e1ny ir\u00e1nti k\u00e9relmet. A v\u00e9letlen \u00fagy hozta, hogy Franz Xaver Gruber egyik fia a Konviktban tart\u00f3zkodott, \u00edgy a szerz\u0151s\u00e9get siker\u00fclt tiszt\u00e1zni. Franz Xaver Gruber ekkor \u00edrja meg az \u201eA kar\u00e1csonyi \u00e9nek kompoz\u00edci\u00f3j\u00e1nak hiteless\u00e9ge\u201d (Authentische Veranlassung zur Composition des Weihnachtsliedes) c\u00edm\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

\"Feh\u00e9r

Feh\u00e9r H\u00e1z, 1941 Washington \u00a9 Privatarchiv Martin Reiter<\/p><\/div>\n

1858 Moskau\/St. Petersburg:<\/strong> a Rainer-\u00e9nekesek Oroszorsz\u00e1gba mennek, \u00e9s t\u00edz \u00e9vig ott maradnak. Az otthoni tart\u00f3zkod\u00e1s csak \u00faj tagok toborz\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

1859, New York:<\/strong> a Csendes \u00e9j dal angol ford\u00edt\u00e1sban jelenik meg John Freeman Young p\u00fcsp\u00f6k \u201eCarols for Christmas Tide\u201d c\u00edm\u0171 k\u00f6nyv\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

1863, Hallein:<\/strong> Franz Xaver Gruber 75 \u00e9ves kor\u00e1ban, j\u00fanius 7-\u00e9n meghal. Hal\u00e1lakor a k\u00f3rusvezet\u0151, a v\u00e1rosi pl\u00e9b\u00e1niatemplom orgonist\u00e1ja \u00e9s a Halleini Pl\u00e9b\u00e1nia Alap\u00edtv\u00e1ny gondnoka a t\u00e1rsadalom nagy tekint\u00e9ly\u0171 tagj\u00e1nak sz\u00e1m\u00edt. 28 \u00e9ven \u00e1t dolgozott Salinenstadtban. Franz Xaver Gruber a Halleini pl\u00e9b\u00e1niatemplom r\u00e9gi temet\u0151j\u00e9ben tal\u00e1lt v\u00e9gs\u0151 nyughelyet, ahol egy eml\u00e9ks\u00edr eml\u00e9kezik munk\u00e1ss\u00e1g\u00e1ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

1866, Salzburg: <\/strong>a dal beleker\u00fcl a \u201ehivatalos egyh\u00e1zi k\u00f6nyvbe\u201d a saj\u00e1t haz\u00e1j\u00e1ban.<\/p>\n

1868, Achenkirch am Achensee:<\/strong> a h\u00edres tiroli nemzeti \u00e9nekes, Rainer Ludwig, a Rainer-S\u00e4ngerb\u0151l, j\u00f3m\u00f3d\u00fa emberk\u00e9nt t\u00e9r vissza Tirolba k\u00f6zel harminc \u00e9v k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi tart\u00f3zkod\u00e1s ut\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

1873, Wien:<\/strong> a b\u00e9csi vil\u00e1gki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1son a Csendes \u00e9j a \u201eChoral of Salzburg\u201d n\u00e9ven jelenik meg egy ott ki\u00e1ll\u00edtott \u00e9szak-amerikai iskol\u00e1ban.<\/p>\n

A sz\u00e1zadfordul\u00f3n a Csendes \u00e9jt m\u00e1r minden kontinensen \u00e9nekelt\u00e9k \u2013 katolikus \u00e9s protest\u00e1ns misszion\u00e1riusok terjesztett\u00e9k el.<\/p>\n

24.12.1914, Flandern \/ Westfront: <\/strong>mintegy \u00f6t h\u00f3nappal az els\u0151 vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa kit\u00f6r\u00e9se ut\u00e1n a testv\u00e9ris\u00e9g egyed\u00fcl\u00e1ll\u00f3 csod\u00e1ja zajlik le a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 nemzetek katon\u00e1inak ezrei k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a nyugati fronton, ahol m\u00e1r t\u00f6bb mint egymilli\u00f3 katona esett el vagy sebes\u00fclt meg.<\/p>\n

December 24-\u00e9n, kar\u00e1csonyeste visszat\u00e9rt a b\u00e9ke a l\u00f6v\u00e9sz\u00e1rkokba. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny katona kis kivil\u00e1g\u00edtott kar\u00e1csonyf\u00e1kat helyezett el a l\u00f6v\u00e9sz\u00e1rok tetej\u00e9n \u2013 mintegy a b\u00e9ke jelek\u00e9nt. A mintegy 50 kilom\u00e9ter hossz\u00fa flandriai front mindk\u00e9t oldal\u00e1n a harcosok letett\u00e9k a fegyvert \u00e9s a sisakot, \u00e9s kar\u00e1csonyi dalokat \u00e9nekeltek. M\u00e9g a Csendes \u00e9j is elhangzott \u2013 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 anyanyelveken.<\/span><\/p>\n

A szolidarit\u00e1s \u00e9s a b\u00e9k\u00e9s, h\u00e1bor\u00fas kar\u00e1csony kiv\u00e9teles helyzet volt. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en a testv\u00e9ris\u00e9get hal\u00e1lb\u00fcntet\u00e9s terhe mellett betiltott\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

1941, Washington<\/strong>: Franklin D. Roosevelt \u00e9s Winston Churchill k\u00f6z\u00f6sen \u00e9nekelt\u00e9k a Csendes \u00e9jt a Feh\u00e9r H\u00e1z kertj\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

2011, Oberndorf: <\/strong>Csendes \u00e9j \u2013 a \u201ekar\u00e1csonyi dal\u201d felker\u00fclt az UNESCO szellemi kultur\u00e1lis \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9g\u00e9nek nemzeti list\u00e1j\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kar\u00e1csonykor vil\u00e1gszerte mintegy k\u00e9tmilli\u00e1rd ember \u00e9nekli: minden kontinensen \u00e9s t\u00f6bb mint 300 nyelven \u00e9s dialektusban. Nemcsak a Csendes \u00e9j eredete, de az elterjed\u00e9se is olyan, mint egy csoda. Vagy Victor Hugo (1802 \u2013 1885) szavaival \u00e9lve: \u201eSemmi sem er\u0151sebb, mint egy \u00f6tlet, amelynek elj\u00f6tt az ideje\u201d. A vil\u00e1g val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg k\u00e9szen \u00e1llt erre a dalra. A […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":17766,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wl_entities_gutenberg":"","_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[121,526],"wl_entity_type":[27],"class_list":["post-17762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-csendes-ej","tag-oberndorf","wl_entity_type-article"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA Csendes \u00e9j elterjed\u00e9se \u00bb SalzburgerLand.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A Csendes \u00e9j elterjed\u00e9se olyan, mint egy csoda. 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