{"id":79492,"date":"2016-11-03T19:45:43","date_gmt":"2016-11-03T18:45:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onebigpark.at\/en\/?p=79492"},"modified":"2021-02-17T11:21:58","modified_gmt":"2021-02-17T10:21:58","slug":"a-short-history-of-the-salzburg-festival","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.salzburgerland.com\/en\/a-short-history-of-the-salzburg-festival\/","title":{"rendered":"A short history of the Salzburg Festival"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>How did the Festival start?<\/h2>\n<p>Long before it was founded in 1920, there had already been discussions about hosting regular music festivals in Salzburg in honour of the city\u2019s most famous son \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salzburgerland.com\/en\/wolfgang-amadeus-mozart\/\">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart<\/a>, naturally. But this idea only became a reality towards the end of the First World War when Max Reinhardt, Hugo von Hofmannsthal and Richard Strauss decided to go ahead with this idea. As a counterpart to the Bayreuth Festival, the Salzburg Festival was tasked with performing its artistic heritage as well as the latest works by Austrian composers.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_78953\" style=\"width: 1180px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-78953\" class=\"wp-image-78953 size-1170_658\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.salzburgerland.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/wolfgang_amadeus_mozart_nannerl_leopold-1170x658.jpg\" alt='Maria Anna (\"Nannerl\") Mozart, ihr Bruder Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, deren Vater Leopold' width=\"1170\" height=\"658\"><p id=\"caption-attachment-78953\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart with his sister Nannerl and father Leopold<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Creators and visionaries<\/h2>\n<p>In 1917, during the First World War, Friedrich Gehmacher and Heinrich Damisch founded the association \u201cSalzburger Festspielhausgemeinde\u201d. Its stated aim was to promote the construction of a Festival House in Salzburg, in which Mozart Festivals were to be held regularly. Also in 1917, Max Reinhardt forwarded his \u201cThinking Paper on the Construction of a Festival House in Hellbrunn\u201d to the Director of k.k. Court Theatre in Vienna. In it, he emphatically promoted festivals in Salzburg \u201cas the first work of peace\u201d. The idea of setting up festivals in Salzburg was subsequently taken up by numerous artists. The founding fathers are Max Reinhardt, Hugo von Hofmannsthal and Richard Strauss.<\/p>\n<p>In the Mozart City of Salzburg, far away from the hectic hustle and bustle, \u201cin the heart of the heart of Europe\u201d, the best artists should meet every summer to bring opera and drama to the stage. These are to be \u201cOf both the highest\u201d, as Max Reinhardt wrote in 1917 in the founding script. Hugo von Hofmannsthal added: \u201cOur Salzburg Festival House should be a symbol. It is not a theatrical foundation, not the project of some dreamy fantasies and not the local affair of a provincial city. It is a matter of European culture. And of eminent political, economic and social significance.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>The <span id=\"urn:enhancement-49482db4-ddfd-5a7f-987d-3cd71bbc1df3\">Salzburg Fes<span id=\"urn:enhancement-49482db4-ddfd-5a7f-987d-3cd71bbc1df3\">tival<\/span><\/span> is born<\/h2>\n<p>22 August 1920 was the day \u2013 Hugo von Hofmannsthal\u2019s Everyman, directed by Max Reinhardt, was performed in front of the cathedral, as it still is today. There were four public performances and two evenings were reserved for the locals. One year later it included orchestral and chamber concerts. And when in 1922 various operas by Mozart were performed for the first time, the Festival had established its three main pillars, which still exist today, i.e. operas, dramas and concerts. After a short relapse (the Festival had to be cancelled in 1924 due to financial reasons), the Festival continued to grow, adding more days and additional venues.<\/p>\n<h2>New start after the war<\/h2>\n<p>National socialism and the intervention of the ruling powers in Berlin and Vienna in cultural policy changed the face of the Festival. Some composers and works were no longer allowed to be performed, artists stayed away, or had to stay away. Stauffenberg\u2019s failed assassination attempt in 1944 led to the cancellation of all festivals throughout the entire Third Reich.<\/p>\n<p>After the end of the war, the Festival was held again, albeit a much smaller version, with Everyman back in the programme. With the country being rebuilt and a new political system in place, conductors and musicians who had not been welcome during the war returned to Salzburg. The Festival\u2019s golden era followed.<\/p>\n<h2>The <span id=\"urn:enhancement-ef9bac6f-e6f2-5f74-0e23-72f4639024ca\">Herbert von Karajan<\/span> era<\/h2>\n<p>There are many great conductors e.g. Georg Solti, Wilhelm Furtw\u00e4ngler, Karl B\u00f6hm, but one man stands out, Herbert von Karajan. Born in Salzburg \u2013 only a few hundred metres away from today\u2019s Festival district \u2013 he was the key figure of the classical music festival from 1960 until he died.<\/p>\n<p>One of his greatest achievements came in the shape of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salzburgerland.com\/en\/salzburg-easter-festival\/\">Easter Festival<\/a> in 1967 and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salzburgerland.com\/en\/salzburg-whitsun-festival\/\">Whitsun Concerts<\/a> in 1973, which was later renamed Whitsun Festival. So he not only created something exciting on the stage, he also created some of these stages himself.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_100177\" style=\"width: 1180px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-100177\" class=\"size-1170_658 wp-image-100177\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.salzburgerland.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/festspiele2012_felsenreitschule_tsg-1170x658.jpg\" alt=\"\u00a9 Tourismus Salzburg GmbH - Salzburger Festspiele\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\"><p id=\"caption-attachment-100177\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a9 Tourismus Salzburg GmbH \u2013 Salzburg Festival<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>A world-class festival<\/h2>\n<p>When Herbert von Karajan died during the rehearsals of Verdi\u2019s Masked Ball in 1989, the Festival lost its leading figure. It created a vacuum that could only be filled again piece by piece. Gerard Mortier became the director in 1991 with the aim to modernise and rejuvenate the Festival. Premiere performances of new operas were as much a part of his course as was staging more theatre plays. His commitment paved the way for the Festival as we know it today \u2013 a celebration of music that reverberates throughout the city of Salzburg for several weeks every year, a festival that takes pleasure in its rich cultural heritage but is not afraid to try out new things \u2013 this had also been Max Reinhardt\u2019s and Hugo von Hofmannsthal\u2019s founding idea \u2026<\/p>\n<h2>The best Everyman casts<\/h2>\n<p>Everyman is and will always be the centrepiece of the Festival. Taking part in the production is regarded as the highest honour an actor can receive.<\/p>\n<p>The very first Everyman was Alexander Moissi. Since then, some of the best theatre actors from German-speaking countries have performed in front of the cathedral, including Attila H\u00f6rbiger and Klaus Maria Brandauer.<\/p>\n<p>The love interest was played by Johanna Terwin in the Festival\u2019s founding year, followed by some great names since then, such as Judith Holzmeister, Christiane H\u00f6rbiger, Senta Berger, Veronika Ferres and Birgit Minichmayr.<\/p>\n<p>If you want to find out more about the history of the Salzburg Festival, go to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salzburgerfestspiele.at\/en\/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">their website<\/a> where you\u2019ll find a very interesting chronicle divided into years and productions.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How did the Festival start? Long before it was founded in 1920, there had already been discussions about hosting regular music festivals in Salzburg in honour of the city\u2019s most famous son \u2013 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, naturally. But this idea only became a reality towards the end of the First World War when Max Reinhardt, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":100179,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wl_entities_gutenberg":"","_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[7383,7381,7382,7380,7384,7385],"wl_entity_type":[5663],"class_list":["post-79492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-allgemein","tag-artists","tag-conductors","tag-founders","tag-history-of-salzburg-festival","tag-hugo-von-hofmansthal","tag-max-reinhardt","wl_entity_type-article"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>History of Salzburg Festival<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This Festival has been a part of Salzburg since 1920 and has changed considerably since then. A quick look at its turbulent history.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salzburgerland.com\/en\/a-short-history-of-the-salzburg-festival\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A short history of the Salzburg Festival\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This Festival has been a part of Salzburg since 1920 and has changed considerably since then. 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